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Washing soda (Sodium carbonate)

Washing soda known as Sodium carbonate.

Washing soda is an Inorganic compound. and the formula of washing soda is Na2CO3.

Washing soda known as different name- soda ash, soda crystals and sodium carbonate.

Washing soda are white in colour and Washing soda is soluble in water. 

Washing soda yield moderately alkaline solutions in water.

Washing soda extracted from the ashes of plants growing in sodium-rich soils.

Washing soda is a stronger base than baking soda but weaker than lye.

Chemical name of Washing soda– Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Chemical formula of Washing soda– Na2CO3

Molar mass of Washing soda– 105.9888 g/mol (anhydrous)

                                              –  286.1416 g/mol (decahydrate)

Appearance of Washing soda– White solid, hygroscopic

Odor of Washing soda–  Odorless

Density of Washing soda– 2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous)

Melting point of Washing soda–  851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K) (Anhydrous)

Solubility of Washing soda in water

Soluble in aq. alkalis, glycerol

Washing soda Slightly soluble in aq. alcohol

Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia

Acidity of Washing soda–  (pKa) 10.33

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −4.1·10−5 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD) of Washing soda– 1.485 (anhydrous)

                                                             

Viscosity of Washing soda–  3.4 cP (887 °C)

Preparation of Washing soda (Sodium carbonate), (by Solvay process) – 

Washing soda is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process.

a. Limestone is heated: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

b. CO2 is passed through a concentrated solution of sodium chloride and ammonia:

NaCl(aq) + NH₃ (g)+ CO₂ (g)+ H₂O(l) → NaHCO₃ (aq)+ NH₄Cl(aq)

c. By heating, The resulting sodium bicarbonate was then converted to sodium carbonate.

         It releasing water and carbon dioxide-

2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

d. By treating it with the lime, the ammonia was regenerated from the ammonium chloride-

2NH₄Cl + CaO → 2NH₃ + CaCl₂ + H₂O

Uses of Washing soda (Sodium carbonate)-

• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) use In glass, soap and paper industries.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) use in Softening of water.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) use as Domestic cleaner like washing clothes. Sodium carbonate is a component of many dry soap powders.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) is used for removing temporary and permanent hardness of water.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) is used in the manufacture of borax.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) use in food industry as a food additive (E500).
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) as an acidity regulator.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) as anticaking agent.
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) as raising agent. 
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) as stabilizer. 
• Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) is used in the brick industry as a wetting agent to reduce the amount of water needed to extrude the clay. 

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 The Organic or Inorganic compounds link given below. 

Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) – Notes

Baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) – Notes

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SALTS – Notes

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Science book.