Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates have a fixed ratio (1:2:1).
The formula for carbohydrate is (CH₂O).
Carbohydrates provide energy to the body at a rapid rate. 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kilocalories of energy.
Carbohydrates are obtained from whole grains. For example, wheat, maize, bajra, jowar, rice etc.(good carbs)
The maximum quantity is obtained from rice.
Among the fruits, the most carbohydrates are obtained from bananas.
Carbohydrates are sugars. Sugars are called saccharides.
There are three types of saccharides (types of Carbohydrates )
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide is a simple sugar. It dissolve in water.
Monosaccharides are obtained from cereals, fruits and honey. such as glucose, galactose and fructose
Glucose is found in maximum quantity. It is obtained from cereals.
Fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide. And it is obtained from fruits.
Note:- Fructose sugar is found in maximum quantity in bee's honey.
Galactose is the least sweet monosaccharide.
The formula of monosaccharide is C6H12O6.
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide.
Disaccharides are combined sugars.
Disaccharides dissolve in water.
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
lactose = glucose + galactose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose is a sweet sugar, it is also called sugar sugar.
Lactose is obtained from milk.
Maltose is obtained from Kinas.
Sucrose is obtained in greater quantities from juicy fruits.
The disaccharide has the formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are compound sugars.
Polysaccharide is insoluble in water. But alcohol is soluble in benzene and ether.
Cellulose = obtained from wood, paper and leaves.
Starch = obtained from rice, potato.
Glycogen = derived from glucose.
Note:- Digestion of starch starts from the mouth in the human body. Starch is digested by the enzyme Tylin.
Cellulose is not digested in the human body. But it happens in the body of animals.
The digestion of cellulose in the animal body is done by the appendix.
Appendix is poorly developed in the human body. And the appendix is fully developed in the body of animals. Due to this, the digestion of cellulose takes place in their body.
